【】d

torenderanysortofdefenceagainstthisterribleene.

itheyear1224thatthefirstgreattartarinvasion

tookpladthatthehordesofjenghizkhan,thenqueror

ofadetheirfirst

appearaheiesennear

thekalkariverandrussiaerongolians.

justassuddenlyastheyhadetheydisappeared.

thirteenyearslater,in1eyretued.inless

thanfiveyearstheynqueredeverypartofthevastrussian

plains.untiltheyear1380itrydonskoi,grand

dukeofsontheplainsofkulikovo,the

tartarsastersoftherussianpeople.

allinall,ittooktherussiansturiestodeliver

theelvesfrohisyoke.forayokeitost

offensiveandobjeableouedtheslavicpeasants

intoserableslaves.norussianuldhopetosurviveun

lessheanwho

satisoheheartofthesteppesofsouthe

russiaandspatathiitdeprivedthessofthepeopleof

allfeelingofhonourandindependedehungerand

seryandltreatntandpersonalabusethenorlstate

ofhueilatlasttheaveragerussian,werehe

peasantooblen,abouthisbusinesslikeaed

dogensooftenthathisspirithasbeenbroken

andhedarenotission.

thereenofthetartarkhan

erciless.theendlessprairiedidnotgivea

narossintothesafeterritoryofhisneighbour.

hestkeepquietandbearasterdecided

toinfliorruntheriskofdeath.ofurse,europe

ghthaveinterfered.buteuropewasengageduponbusiness

ofitsoingthequarrelsbethepopeand

theeerororsuppressingthisorthatortheotherheresy.

andsoeuropelefttheslavtohisfate,andforcedh

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